http://www.turnpoint.net/wireless/has.html is a very good site to learn about increasing 802.11b range with a directional antenna.
802.11b runs in the 2.4 GHz range, so it's important the antenna length matches the wavelength. This is the same range as many portable phones, garage door openers, and other wireless devices. An interesting site with more is
http://www.netscum.com/~clapp/wireless.html. Pay attention to the FCC regulations mentioned on the site if you decide to modify stuff. FWIW, microwave ovens use about the same frequency (see
http://www.howstuffworks.com/microwave.htm) 8O. Imagine the trouble WiFi or 802.11b would have if vendors called it "microwave" wireless networking

ops:!
Most PCMCIA 802.11b adapters have a fixed antenna...some serious hacking-up of your card would be needed to add an external antenna

. One exception is the Orincco (Lucent) series.
Some "base station" access points can have their output power increased by changing software configuration (software for the Linksys series is available around the Internet). There are also commercial access points with higer outputs. I tried upping the power on my Linksys...didn't make a bit of speed or distance difference using my Linksys PCMCIA or Symbol CF WiFi so I turned it back down (always a good idea to use the lowest output power you can...think about those microwaves).