After a few days of searching, I found out how to get the Pocket PC 2003 Emulator to connect to ActiveSync.
The "official" instructions are in the SDK's help files (doh!), just open
Pocket PC 2003 Help and do a help search for
activesync emulator.
There are instructions for setting up ActiveSync via network under
Using ActiveSync over Virtual Switch (which didn't work for me as the
emuascfg program complained about a missing mscoree.dll file, maybe because I don't have eVC4.0 installed).
There are also instructions on setting it up over a null-modem serial cable under
Using ActiveSync over Serial (some help can be found
here and
this has hints on setting it up with SmartPhone 2002, which is actually where I found this answer.) Note that this solution requires a null-modem cable and two serial ports, or it should work with a virtual null-modem cable using the free 14-day trial of
Virtual Serial Ports Driver. I happened to have a real null-modem cable about, so I used that.
After creating a partnership with ActiveSync over null-serial, you can ditch the cable and sync over the network. This is what the mythical
emuascfg program is supposed to setup for you.
From C:\Program Files\Windows CE Tools\wce420\POCKET PC 2003\Tools\sdk_tools_readme.htm
Quote:
EmuASCfg.exe
This tool configures ActiveSync and the Pocket PC emulator to allow establishment of an ActiveSync partnership over the Ethernet Virtual Switch.
You must use eMbedded Visual C++ to boot the Pocket PC emulator using the VirtualSwitch option before running this tool. For usage information, type “emuascfg.exe /?” at the command line.
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If that works for you, great. Either-way, after the partnership has been established you can connect over the network (after you set the ethernet type of the emulator to "virtual switch" mode). Just make sure you "Save Emulator State" when you close the emulator!
Note this doesn't entirely eliminate the need to test on actual Pocket PC 2003 devices, but it sure helps!
-Richard L. Owens